Important one liner Biology Facts, Terms and Definition part-2 

Important Biology Terms and Definition part-2 

• Telepathy- Communication of thoughts or ideas from one mind to another without normal use of senses. In other word this is the process of menta contact.
• Veterinary Science – Science of health care and treatment of animals.
• Botany- Study of different aspects of plants. Theophrastus is known as father of Botany.
• Zoology – Study of Various aspects of animals. Aristotle is called father of Zoology as well as Biology
• Adrenal gland: It is the pair of important glands present by the side of the kidneys in higher animals.
• Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: AIDS is a disease caused by a virus which inactivates the immune system in the body
• Albinism: It is a condition in which the normal skin colour is absent. It is caused by reduction or total lack of the pigment Melanin.
• Albumin: It is one of a group of simple water-soluble globular proteins present widely in milk.
• Alimentary canal: It is a tube in multicellular animals through which food is taken into the body, digested and absorbed by the cells.
• Allergy: It is hypersensitivity.
• Amoeba: It is a unicellular fresh water organism; it is a simple Protozoan and has no definite shape.
• Amphibia: It is the class of back-boned land-animals like frogs, toads, newts and salamander. They are the first vertebrates that colonized land and can stay in water as well as on land.
• Anaemia: It is a condition marked by low hemoglobin content of the blood.
• Androgen: It is a class of male sex hormones chiefly produced in the testis.
• Anthropology: It is the study of human species in all its aspects including evolution, culture and population dynamics.
• Antibodies: It is a group of specific Proteins produced by mammals to defend themselves from foreign organisms or chemicals.
• Anticoagulant: It is a chemical that can prevent blood from clotting for example heparin.
• Antiemetic: It is a substance which inhibits vomiting.
• Antigen: It is a foreign substance, usually proteins in nature, which elicits the formation of specific antibodies within an organism.
• Annelida: It is a group of invertebrates like earthworms, which have long, cylindrical, segmented bodies.
• Aorta: It is the main artery leading out of heart carrying oxygenated blood.
• Appendicitis: It is the inflammation of the appendix.
• Arboreal: These are the organisms that spend most or all of their lives among the branches of trees.
• Artery: It is the blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart.
• Arthritis: It is the painful inflammation of bone joints.
• Autograft: It is grafting of one tissue to another tissue of the same organisms.
• Bacteria: It is a class of extremely small relatively simple micro-organism.
• Bile: It is a secretion the liver in animals. It is an alkaline fluid that helps in digestion and absorption of fats.
• Blood Clotting: It is the solidification of blood.
• Blood pressure: It is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels, especially the main arteries. It is due to the pumping action of the heart.
• Capillary: The smallest tubes or vessels which form the connecting link between the circulatory and lymphatic system. Usually, the walls are single layer thick.
• Carbohydrate: It is a group of organic compounds like sugars, starches and cellulose composed entirely of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen. They form the main source of energy for the human body.
• Carcinogen: Any substance or agent capable of causing cancer.
• Carnivorous: It is a mode of living by which animals and plants survive by eating the flesh of other animals.
• Chromosome: It is a complex thread-like structure seen in plant and animal cells at the time of cell division. They are the carriers of the genetic material DNA.
• Chyme: It is the partially digested food after leaving the stomach.
• Circumcision: It is the surgical removal or excision of the foreskin covering the male or female genital organs.
• Cirrhosis: It is a progressively inflammation disease of the live in which the liver cells are destroyed.

 

• Clone: It is parthenogenetic or asexual descendants from a single individual, all having the same genetic constitution.
• Colon: It is a portion of the large intestine of humans extending from the caecum to the rectum. The inflammation of the colon in humans is called colitis
• Contagious disease: It is an infectious disease communicable by contact with one suffering from it, with his bodily discharges, or with an object touched by him for example, cholera and chicken pox.
• Convulsion: It is a violet, uncontrolled muscle spasm, or a series of them, sometimes repeated rapidly and accompanied by unconsciousness.
• Cretin: Victim of severe congenital thyroid deficiency, causing physical and mental retardation.
• Eczyma: It is a non-specific term used to denote skin disorders characterized by redness, thickening, oozing blisters and occasional formation of fissures and cracks.
• Elephantiasis: It is a diseased state which constitutes one of the manifestations of filariasis.
• Embryo: It is a developing fertilized egg during the early project. An unborn human being is called an embryo for the first two months of its period of development in the womb.
• Encephalitis: It is inflammation of the brain.
• Endocrine glands: These are ductless glands which produce hormones which pass directly into the blood.
• Endocrinology: It is the study of endocrine glands and their products.
• Endoscope: It is a tubular instrument which has a light source and a viewing optical system. This may be inserted into the organs.
• Enterovirus: It is a group of viruses that enter the body via the alimentary tract and tend to invade the central nervous system.
• Entomology: It is the study of insects.
• Epidemic: the term is used to describe a disease which spread quickly to affect a large proportion of the population.
• Epilepsy: It is recurrent disorder of the brain function characterized by clouding of convulsions due to an abnormal discharge of nerve impulses in the brain.
• Ergonomics: It is the study relating to efficient use of human energy.

 

• Estrogen: It is any of a group of steroid hormones containing 18 carbon atoms produced chiefly by the ovary and placenta but also by the testis and adrenal gland of all vertebrates.
• Ethnology: It is the science dealing with the various races of mankind, their distribution, relationship, culture and activities.
• Eugenics: It is the science dealing with the selective genetic improvement of the human race.
• Euthanasia: It is painless killing of a person or animal suffering from an incurable disease.
• Expectorants: The drugs which promote or increase the elimination of secretion from the respiratory tract by coughing.
• Filariasis: It is an infestation with parasitic thread-like worms.
• Foetus: It is a mammalian embryo on its late stages when the main features are clearly recognizable.
• Gall bladder: It is a small pouch-like organ that stores bile secreted from liver. Most vertebrates have gall bladders.
• Gall stone: It is an insoluble deposit precipitated from the bile, when bile stagnates in the gall bladder, it becomes excessively concentrated and gall stones form.
• Gangrene: It is death of body tissues from lack of oxygen caused by a loss of blood supply to those areas of the body, often hands of feet.
• Gene: It is the basic unit of inheritance. A gene is a short length of a chromosome made of DNA which influences a particular set of characters in a particular way.
• Genetic code: It is a sequence of bases along the DNA molecule.
• Genetic engineering: It is a technique of altering the genetic makeup of an organism to suit a specific purpose.
• Genetics: It is the scientific study of heredity, that is, the passing on of characteristics from parents to their offspring.
• Hibernation: It is a condition of dormancy in animals to protect themselves against cold and study food scarcity during winter.
• Histology: It is the biological science that deals with the study of structure of tissues.
• Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV): It is a virus that causes AIDS.
• Homo sapiens: It is the term in Greek means ‘wise man’ and refers to the genus and species to which all modern human beings belong.
• Homograft: It is a tissue or organ which is transplanted from one individual to another of the same species.
• Hormone: It is a chemical messenger produced by endocrine glands in animals and secreted directly into the bloodstream.
• Hybrid: It is the offspring of parents of different races, varieties or species.
• Hymen: It is a fold of mucous membrane which normally partially covers the entrance to the vagina.
• Hypersensitivity: It is an exaggerated reaction of the body’s defence system to basically harmless substances which may have been inhaled, eaten, drunk, injected or just been in contact with the skin.
• Hypnosis: It is a temporary condition of altered attention in an individual.
• Hysteria: It is a psychological disorder, in which a person has physical complaints when no physical cause can be found.
• Immunity: It is an inbuilt defence mechanism by which vertebrates can resist infection caused by parasitic microorganisms or their products.
• Inbreeding: It is reproduction by the mating of closely related individuals.
• Incubation: It is the act of providing proper physical conditions for the development of the young ones of certain organisms. Commonly it is the hatching of eggs by means of heat natural or artificial.
• Genome: It is the complete set of chromosomes found in each nucleus of a given species, which contains the entire genetic material.
• Gerontology: It is the scientific study of again.
• Gestation period: It is the period during which an embryo develops in the uterus of a mammal, from the time, of conception to birth.
• Gland: It is an organ which secretes specific chemical compounds such as enzymes or hormones.
• Glaucoma: It is an eye disease characterized by increased pressure of the fluid with in the eye.
• Goitre: It is an enlargement of all of part of the thyroid gland, which appears as a smooth swelling at the front of the neck. Goitre generally occurs due to iodine deficiency.
• Gonad: It is the organs which produces gametes in animals and in some produce hormones too. The female gonad is called ovary and male gonad is called testis.
• Gout: It is a chronic disease that can produce severe swelling of the joints.
• Gynaecology: It is the branch of medical science dealing with diseases of women, particularly those affecting reproductive organs.

 

• Haematology: It is the science dealing with the formation, composition, functions and disease of blood.
• Haemoglobin: It is the iron-containing, red, respiratory pigment of vertebrates and a few invertebrates that transports oxygen.
• Haemophilia: It is an inherited disease in which the blood fails to clot.
• Hay fever: It is a form of allergy that affects the nose and throat due to sensitively to certain plant pollens.
• Heat stroke: A condition caused by overexposure to the sun.
• Hepatitis: It is acute or chronic viral inflammation of the liver.
• Herbivore: It is a plant eating organism.
• Herpes: It is a group of closely related viruses that cause various diseases which included herpes simplex, herpes zoster and chicken pox.